‘Summa’ is difficult to translate in English – it doesn’t really mean ‘summary’. The book is generally known by its Latin title, Summa Logicae. Don’t trust anything that Wikipedia says, or at least, be cautious. First ‘Sum of logic’ is the Wikipedia title.
#Sum of logic ockham pdf full#
Summa Logicae, full text in Latin and English.You raise a few points. Spade's translation of parts of Summa Book I. Latin Wikisource has original text related to this article:Ĭharles Sanders Peirce (1869), Translation and commentary on selected passages from Ockham, Peirce Edition Project. (1952), Medieval Logic, Manchester University Press. A translation of Summa Logicae III-II : De Syllogismo Demonstrativo, with selections from the Prologue to the Ordinatio.īoehner, P. Longeway, John Lee (2007), Demonstration and Scientific Knowledge in William of Ockham, University of Notre Dame Press, Notre Dame, IN. Freddoso, University of Notre Dame Press, Notre Dame, IN, 1980. Freddoso and Henry Schuurman and introduced by Alfred J. Ockham's Theory of Propositions : Part II of the Summa Logicae, translated by Alfred J. Loux, University of Notre Dame Press, Notre Dame, IN, 1974.
Ockham's Theory of Terms : Part I of the Summa Logicae, translated and introduced by Michael J. Ockham ends (chapter 18) by showing how all these fallacies err against the syllogism.Īdam de Wodeham (wrote foreword to Sum of Logic) Part IV, in eighteen chapters, deals with the different species of fallacy enumerated by Aristotle in Sophistical Refutations (De sophisticis elenchis).Ĭhapters 2-4 deal with the three modes of equivocation.Ĭhapters 5-7 deal with the three types of amphiboly.Ĭhapter 8 deals with the fallacies of composition, and division.Ĭhapter 9 deals with the fallacy of accent.Ĭhapter 10 deals with the fallacy of 'figure of speech'.Ĭhapter 11 deals with the fallacy of accident.Ĭhapter 12 deals with the fallacy of affirming the consequent.Ĭhapter 13 deals with secundum quid et simpliciter.Ĭhapter 14 deals with Ignoratio elenchi or irrelevant thesis.Ĭhapter 15 deals with begging the question (petitio principii).Ĭhapter 16 deals with false cause (non-causam ut causam)Ĭhapter 17 deals with the fallacy of many questions (plures interrogationes ut unam facere)> Similar accounts are given by Jean Buridan and Albert of Saxony.Ĭhapters 38 to 45 deal with the Theory of obligationes. Ockham distinguishes between 'material' and 'formal' consequences, which are roughly equivalent to the modern material implication and logical implication respectively. A consequence is 'true' when the antecedent implies the consequent. For example, 'if a man runs, then God exists' (Si homo currit, Deus est). According to Ockham a consequence is a conditional proposition, composed of two categorical propositions by the terms 'if' and 'then'. In Part III, Ockham deals with the definition and division of consequences, and provides a treatment of Aristotle's Topical rules. The first 37 chapters of Part II are a systematic exposition of Aristotle's Topics. These 41 chapters are a systematic exposition of Aristotle's Posterior Analytics. On syllogisms containing exponible propositions The later chapters deal with the ten Categories themselves, as follows: Substance (42–43), Quantity (44–49), Relation (50–54), Quality (55–56), Action (57), Passion (58), Time (59), Place (60), Position (61), Habit (62).Ĭhapters 63–77 onwards deal with the theory of supposition. The first chapters of this section concern definition and description, the notions of subject and predicate, the meaning of terms like whole, being and so on. Ockham also introduces the issue of universals here.Ĭhapters 18–25 deal with the five predicables of Porphyry.Ĭhapters 26–62 deal with the Categories of Aristotle, known to the medieval philosophers as the Praedicamenta. This work is important in that it contains the main account of Ockham's nominalism, a position related to the problem of universals.Ĭhapters 1–17 deal with terms: what they are, and how they are divide into categorematic, abstract and concrete, absolute and connotative, first intention, and second intention. These headings, though often given in a different order, represent the basic arrangement of scholastic works on logic. Systematically, it resembles other works of medieval logic, organised under the basic headings of the Aristotelian Predicables, Categories, terms, propositions, and syllogisms. The Summa Logicae ("Sum of Logic") is a textbook on logic by William of Ockham.
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